Position Statements (Outline) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Position Statements (Outline) - Essay Example Wal-Mart sells Chinese manufactured products due to which local manufacturers have experienced a decrease in demand and this has led to shutdown of manufacturing plants which in turn leads to unemployment in manufacturing sector. i. According to Redovich, when federal agencies conducted a raid on Wal-Mart, they figured out that the organization is hiring illegal immigrants who charge less and work without health benefits (Redovich 41). Due to this the likely hood of US citizens getting a better paying job at Wal-Mart decreases. 5. Wal-Mart is one of the oldest and one of the largest retailing businesses within US and it has provided various benefits to the US economy including: increased tax contribution, increased employment levels, better wage rates, higher amount of benefits, environment friendly operations and higher number of choices of goods for consumers. Mitchell, Stacy. "Wal-Mart to Create 22,000 Jobs — and Destroy Many Thousands More | Institute for Local Self-Reliance." Institute for Local Self-Reliance. N.p., 12 June 2009. Web. 23 Nov. 2012.

Importance of reading Essay Example for Free

Importance of reading Essay ?Kids who read often and widely get better at it. This is pretty much just common sense. After all, practice makes perfect in almost everything we humans do and reading is no different. 2. Reading exercises our brains. Reading is a much more complex task for the human brain than, say, watching TV is. Reading strengthens brain connections and actually builds new connections. 3. Reading improves concentration. Again, this is a bit of a no-brainer. Children have to sit still and quietly so they can focus on the story when they’re reading. If they read regularly as they grow up, they develop the ability to do this for longer and longer periods. 4. Reading teaches children about the world around them. Through reading, they learn about people, places and events outside their own experience. They are exposed to ways of life, ideas and beliefs about the world which may be different from those which surround them. This learning is important for its own sake however it also builds a store of background knowledge which helps younger children learn to read confidently and well. 5. Reading improves a child’s vocabulary, leads to more highly-developed language skills and improves the childs ability to write well. This is because children learn new words as they read but also because they unconsciously absorb information as they read about things like how to structure sentences and how to use words and language effectively. 6. Reading develops a child’s imagination. This is because when we read our brains translate the descriptions we read of people, places and things into pictures. When we’re engaged in a story, we’re also imagining how the characters are feeling. We use our own experiences to imagine how we would feel in the same situation. 7. Reading helps kids develop empathy. This is something I’ve only recently realised but it makes sense. As my fifteen-year-old son said to me when we were discussing it, ‘Of course it does because you’re identifying with the character in the story so you’re feeling what he’s feeling. ’ 8. Because reading does all the things I’ve mentioned above, children who read do better at school. And they don’t just do better at subjects like reading, English and history. They do better at all subjects and they do better all the way through school. 9. Reading is a great form of entertainment! A paperback book doesn’t take up much space so you can take it anywhere and you’ll never be lonely or bored if you have a book in your bag. You can read while waiting in a queue, while waiting for a friend who’s running late or during a flight delay at an airport. 10. Reading relaxes the body and calms the mind. This is an important point because these days we seem to have forgotten how to relax and especially how to be silent. The constant movement, flashing lights and noise which bombard our senses when we’re watching TV, looking at a computer or playing an electronic game are actually quite stressful for our brains. When we read, we read in silence and the black print on a white page is much less stressful for our eyes and brains. So there you have it – the Top 10 benefits of reading! . Reading has at all times and in all ages been a source of knowledge, of happiness, of pleasure and even moral courage. In todays world with so much more to know and to learn and also the need for a conscious effort to conquer the divisive forces, the importance of reading has increased. In the olden days if reading was not cultivated or encouraged, there was a substitute for it in the religious sermon and in the oral tradition. The practice of telling stories at bed time compensated to some extent for the lack of reading. In the nineteenth century Victorian households used to get together for an hour or so in the evenings and listen to books being read aloud. But today we not only read, we also want to read more and more and catch up with the events taking place around us. The various courses and classes being conducted in rapid reading support this belief. The amount of reading one should get through is of course nobodys business. There is no end to it for there is a variety of subjects to read about. The daily newspaper or the popular magazine while it discusses topical issues and raised controversies, it also provokes thought and throws light on human nature. It brings the news of wars, rebellions, organizations, political stances, heroic deeds etc. , together and helps knit a world of some sort. There is then the serious reading undertaken for research and for satisfying ones longing for knowledge. It may be a subject of scientific significance, or a subject of historic or philosophic importance varying according to the taste of the person. This kind of reading disciplines the mind and trains one for critical and original thinking. There is yet another kind of reading -reading for pleasure. Though serious reading is also a source of pleasure, reading which is devoted mainly to it differs in one respect. It grows upon one, it gives before demanding and it soothes and relieves tension and loneliness. The only kind of reading which neither stimulates thought nor provides knowledge is one which is approached negatively, with the simple motive of escape and of killing time. A person who is widely read is able to mix with others: he is a better conversationalist than those who do not read. He can stand his ground. Reading broadens the vision. it is in a way a substitute for travel. It is not possible to travel as much as one would like to and reading can fill in the gap created by the lack of travel. Reading, as Bacon wrote in his essay. Of Studies. maketh a full man: conference a ready man: and writing an exact man. Thus a widely-read man is a better conversationalist and is able to see the other point of view. Literature is a form of art which can cross barriers and if one does not know the language in which a piece of literature is written, one is willing sometimes to learn the language. Even if one does not learn a language one reads the literary work in translation. This contributes to the growth of understanding and tolerance amongst people. Reading also helps one to see the present in relation to the past and the future, and thus develop a historical perspective. Care is needed to ensure that reading does not become a substitute for real life. The moment one ceases to enjoy the ordinary pleasures and happiness of life and is content to enjoy them vicariously through fictional and historical representations, one loses all the benefits of reading and loses contact with life. With the cinema and television taking up a great deal of attention of children, teenagers and even adults, the habit of serious reading is dying out. People are content to read abridged versions. see films, go through illustrated comics and be content. But just as reading should not become a substitute for the joy of living or drive out the other forms of entertainment, other substitutes should not be accepted for the pleasure of reading which lies in the act itself. One may be selective, may be discriminating but no one can afford to shut himself off from this rich and ever-growing world of literature.

The Uncontrolled Ambition of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth

The Uncontrolled Ambition of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth      Ã‚   There is basically uncontrolled ambition throughout William Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbeth. In this essay we will explore numerous examples of this on the part of the two protagonists, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.    Blanche Coles states in Shakespeare's Four Giants that the protagonist's ambition was not the usual narrow, personal ambition:    He has admitted to a vaulting ambition. We have no other evidence of personal ambition except, possibly, his own word in this speech. Onrushing events crowd the thought out of his mind and out of our view. We do have ample evidence of his ambition for his family, ambition for a son who might succeed him. [. . .] We think normally of ambition as a personal thing, but it is not always so. Macbeth's stupendous imagination, as revealed later in the play, gives him a breadth of vision altogether out of keeping with a narrow, personal ambition. (50-51) Samuel Johnson in The Plays of Shakespeare explains the place of ambition in this tragedy:    The danger of ambition is well described; and I know not whether it may not be said in defence of some parts which now seem improbable, that, in Shakespeare's time, it was necessary to warn credulity against vain and illusive predictions. The passions are directed to their true end. Lady Macbeth is merely detested; and though the courage of Macbeth preserves some esteem, yet every reader rejoices at his fall. (133)    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the ambition of Lady Macbeth and its effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, b... ...iion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Johnson, Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.   

Dramatic and relevant to a modern audience Essay

Lots of the characters under go personal development: for example Reverend Hale, who at first is all to eager to ‘shout witch’ but in the end is very disbelieving. My personal belief is that the events are a testament of how people shouldn’t live in a social structure that is overly tight. A crucible is a metal container in which metals are melted to extract their pure element from the impurities. This can easily be linked to the play: first witches supposedly boil potions in cauldrons and a synonym for cauldron is crucible. Secondly, it has a metaphorical meaning: the society of Salem is being heated and stirred in an attempt to remove the impurities and leave only the pure members of the society. An artificial Noah’s Ark, as it were, however this plan backfires some. Act 1 mainly revolves around Abigail and the girls being caught dancing in the woods. The drinking of blood is supposedly a charm to kill Elizabeth Proctor. Abigail wants to be with Proctor after Elizabeth kicked her out for having an affair with Proctor: â€Å"I know that you clutched my back out side your house and sweated like a stallion when ever I come near, or did I dream that? It is she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out. You loved me then and you do now! † – Abigail Proctor is fighting an internal conflict; we know that on one side he wants to be with Abigail because: â€Å"[Looking at Abigail now, the faintest suggestion of a knowing smile on his face]† – Stage direction But we also know that he feels very guilty about Elizabeth: â€Å"I mean to please you Elizabeth† – Proctor However, he does tell Abigail that he wants nothing more to do with her: â€Å"Abby, I may have thought of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I reach for you again. Wipe it out of mind. We never touched Abby. † – Proctor All the time this encounter has been in occurrence, sexual tension is building in the audience. They are also learning about Proctors and anti-hero characteristics. We learn that his name is not entirely white. He is not perfect, and the same applies to most of the characters, they all have good and bad points. I think there are two important points here. One is that Abigail is trying to seduce Proctor with seductive language, and two: Betty is only pretending to be inert. She would have heard all of this, and that is most likely the reason behind her getting up and trying to jump out of the window. Also in Act 1 Abigail threatens marry Warren, Betty and the other girls against telling anyone anything: â€Å"Let any of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you†¦ and you know I can do it†¦ I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down† – Abigail It is here that we learn just how aggressive and manipulative that Abigail really is. She was trying to manipulate Proctor and now she is being extremely aggressive and even explicit towards the girls. We can tell that this is a frantic and tense moment on stage by the over average use of exclamation marks and use of short sentences. We can also see physical violence from Abigail as she violently shakes Betty around. Visually this would be interesting for the audience, creating both anger and tension. There is contrast in the loud violence of this moment to the quiet seduction from Abigail before. Act 2 contrasts from the end of Act 1, in the fact that it is a calm and peaceful scene, over the loud fear-driven hysteria of the end of Act 1. Proctor comes home from ‘seeding’ his farm late at night, and he sits down to eat, with Elizabeth. From the general feel of the scene we can gather that the common room of Proctors house is cold, empty and unwelcoming. This parallels with the relationship between John and Elizabeth. There’s is a great amount of tension between the pair, and they idly make chit-chat at the table, as they feel they need to: â€Å"Proctor: Pray now for a good summer. Elizabeth: Aye† It should be noted that it is Proctor who is trying to make conversation; Elizabeth is spoiling his attempts with one-word answers. Proctor is feeling frustrated because Elizabeth is not acknowledging that Proctor is trying his hardest to repair the relationship. He is forever claiming his desire to please Elizabeth: â€Å"I mean to please you Elizabeth. † – Proctor I believe that the audience would to be getting frustrated with Elizabeth not forgiving him. The tension in the audience would also rise, due to the complete lack of any sexual tension. Arthur Millers ‘The Crucible’ raised issues that were as relevant in the 1950’s as they were today. The idea of conformity will always exist. People who define this ideologies and beliefs by which groups of people live will always exist. As will accusations made towards one group from another group, to solve their problem, or help their cause. Arthur Millers play took on some very strong issues, that are still relevant to date, it is one that cannot be ignored because of Millers ability to touch issues and themes that have plagued mankind all through history, and will continue to do so in the future.

Florida Shrimp Industry Analysis Essay

What if it were logical and profitable to merge two of the fastest growing shrimp industries in the United States today? That is exactly the idea behind â€Å"bait shrimp production†, the latest development in the combined evolution of the valuable live bait shrimp industry and the continual growth arena of aquaculture. Farm-raised bait shrimp is a very appropriate combination of the two businesses; both have a historical development in Florida for over forty years. Florida has been proclaimed the â€Å"Fishing Capital of the World† with its 1,197 statute miles of coastline hosting 3.4 million anglers annually. The statistics regarding the recreational fishing industry in Florida are astounding. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) reports: †¢The economic value of recreational fishing to Florida is $7.0 billion and supports 75,000 jobs. †¢Recreational fishing is the second largest sports industry in Florida with over 700 world-record fish caught. Live bait shrimp is the nucleus around which evolves Florida’s saltwater sport and recreational fishing. It is the preferred bait for fishing near shore species such as snook, sea trout, redfish, snapper, cobia and mackerel. The business of catching and supplying live bait shrimp began with a few individuals supplying themselves, and a few bait shops in the 1950’s to becoming a multi-million dollar industry with exports throughout the Southeast United States. This growth is a testimony to the pre-eminence of shrimp as the most popular live bait among saltwater anglers in Southeast United States. The message is clear — the recreational/sport fishing industry and live bait shrimp are well established in Florida. And their popularity is growing amongst the14 million people (75% living within 10 miles of the coast) and the 40 million tourists who visit each year. Commercial fishermen currently supplying 100% of the bait shrimp market experiences regulatory restrictions, seasonal declines in wild stocks, and unreliable labor causing unpredictable shortages and as such are unable to meet the increase in the market demands. The FWC and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer service reports: †¢As the tourist and recreational fishing industry continues to increase in Florida so will the bait shrimp business. †¢Fishermen love to use live bait shrimp and retailers are always running out of bait before they run out of customers. †¢The retailer wants consistent deliveries of bait shrimp in numbers that will keep the customers walking through the door of their shop †¢Although the fishing effort has increased 50% over the past ten years, the live bait harvesters cannot meet the market demands. This increase in demand without an increase in supplies has resulted in an extremely high dollar value of live bait. This increase in demand, low supply and high dollar value has attracted the attention of shrimp producers. Now for the other half of the combination — shrimp aquaculture. As the demand for live bait shrimp has expanded without an increase in supplies, the inevitable has begun to take place — culturing Florida’s endemic penaeids for bait size shrimp using hatchery and production technologies developed for other economically important penaeids. Wholesale distributors cannot get adequate supply of bait shrimp certain times; retailers are forced to accept inaccurate counts and variable sizes of wild bait, which they will loose almost 30% in mortalities during the course of the day. Retailers cannot consistently provide the customer with the desired size and often sell â€Å"mixes†. Fishermen are reliant on the seasonal migration, molting periods and life cycles of the natural population; as such they cannot guarantee quality or volume. Shrimp spawn in April/May releasing eggs that move with the tides and currents into estuaries, where they spend their postlarval and juvenile stages before migrating back to deeper waters. Bait size shrimp are virtually impossible to harvest in June, July, and August due to this natural life cycle; and are in short supply September through December. It is the winter months January through April that suppliers, wholesalers and retailers can experience marketable size bait shrimp. However, even during this time period, harvesting of small animals causes immediate stress and holding them in â€Å"live† haul tanks for long distance deliveries results in high mortalities. Enter the growth industry, Aquaculture, dedicated to providing consumers what they need – healthy, quality seafood and aquatic products at market prices. The inability of the fishermen to provide year round live bait shrimp, there is a significant gap supplies. From this lack of product will grow the combination of live bait shrimp and aquaculture— Live Bait, Inc. Live Bait, Inc. will produce bait shrimp is at high densities in enclosed facilities equipped with multi-phase, recirculating systems. Bait size shrimp will be cultured to three variable sizes, (8,10, and 12 grams) to provide the retailer with desired â€Å"mixes†. Bait shrimp production facilities, unlike shrimp boats, can be located through out Florida in high value areas that support a large volume of recreational fishing and tourism. Live Bait, Inc. will focus on providing existing market channels with high quality bait at market prices, in a consistent and reliable manner through out the year. The first bait shrimp production facility is said to have been an offshoot of a Texas A&M project developing production systems for Gulf of Mexico endemic shrimp. The species of choice for this area are brown shrimp (F. aztecus) and it is believed that the company, although small scale, Lone Star Fishery, is experiencing continued success. There is a tremendous interest amongst fishermen and wholesale dealers in developing culture systems for bait shrimp. However, once they realize the capital investment and risk involved, they become interested in buying from Live Bait, Inc. The market for live bait shrimp is continuing to grow, especially during the summer when local residents and tourists target inshore species. This year-round demand, unreliable supplies and high dollar value ensures a continued market for this commodity. Industry Participants There are several groups of industry participants, which must come together in order for Live Bait, Inc. to function well. 1.Wholesale Dealers. Everything begins and ends with this customer. Wholesale distributors have established marketing channels and will be buying directly from the production centers. Each production center must first identify the base of the wholesaler from which the high volume, high value business will be drawn. Their attitudes, needs and abilities must be the genesis of each decision in designing the size and location of production facilities. 2.The Nuclear Breeding Center. For long-term sustainable production and the Florida Department of Aquaculture’s support and sanctions; it is imperative that a breeding program for F. duorarum be established from the beginning. Experience has proven the necessity of SPF stocks in minimizing the incidents of diseases and animal stress from high density, mass production. 3.. For Live Bait, Inc to produce, cost-effective, quality bait shrimp it needs outstanding seedstock. Large numbers of seedstock at affordable prices will needed, on a weekly basis in order to maintain the sequential stocking required by multi-phase systems. 4.Management/Production Team. This is the triangulation point where it all comes together. The team must identify the best locations; design the most cost effective facilities and production systems, produce shrimp using state-of-the-science technologies to provide high quality bait shrimp available for daily pickup. Who are the individuals or groups that are likely customers of farm raised live bait shrimp? Fortunately, there are some marketing surveys that have been conducted Florida state agencies, the US Department of Commerce and Mariculture, Inc. that can provide some answers even in this new concept. The target market for Live Bait, Inc. is the wholesale dealer/distributor, who currently is supplied 100% by the bait shrimp fishery. Currently, wholesale dealers either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they use their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats and not necessarily in the high value tourist areas. Each GLB’s locations will develop its facility, production numbers, sizes and services around the target audience –wholesalers. GLB will target several distinct groups: 1.Wholesalers, which fit the basic demographic characteristics of supplying retailers from great distances. These will be wholesalers who either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they use their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats, which are in five major regions: Hernando (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, Pinellas and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings; Pine Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings. Wholesalers will truck live bait shrimp 220 miles from Homosassa to Naples or from Miami, which is 107 miles. Wholesalers from these regions supplying the North-Central East Coast, the Keys and Panhandle will be targeted. 2.Wholesalers who supply retailers dealing in large volumes. For example marinas that sell 275,000 – 300,000 or more bait per day during the winter months and 65,000 – 80,000 per day during the summer months. Volume in these areas severely restricted due short supplies and distance from suppliers. Retailers claim they could sell up to 300% more, if the supply were available. Wholesalers supplying large marinas, high-end fishing piers located in metropolitan areas, and retail bait/tackle stores that promote popular sport fishing tournaments will be targeted. 3.Wholesalers who supply high dollar bait to retailers located in areas support high value recreational/sport fishing and tourism. Wholesale prices for live bait vary considerably with location. For example prices in Pine Island will run $30/1,000 shrimp while in Marco Island and Naples, which is just south of Pine Island, will have prices up to $70/1,000. Wholesalers who supply retailers who are willing to pay the higher market price will be targeted. 4. Wholesalers who are receptive of farm-raised bait and will promote the product among retailers. Currently, an overwhelming majority of retailers accept the idea of farm-raised bait. Most are willing to pay between 50-100% above current prices for farm raised bait as long as the supply is consistent and reliable. Wholesalers who are willing to promote our product, pay premium prices for premium farm raised bait shrimp will be targeted. 5.Wholesalers who are either currently exporting to neighboring states, or who would like to export to other states. Florida Bait shrimp wholesalers export live bait nine months out of the year to different neighboring states. Currently they supply 60% of the Alabama Market, 20% of the South Carolina and 50% of the Georgia market. Wholesalers exporting to other states will be targeted. 6.Bait Brokers dealing in frozen bait are currently importing small frozen shrimp that are severely damaged from outside the United States. The shrimp exotic species, which may or may not be infected with viral diseases. These brokers currently cannot meet the needs of their large contracts such as those with Wal-Mart and Publix. Process them, as most of the brokers also have processing plants. 7.Wholesalers who are supplying retailers whose customers would prefer farm raised bait over wild bait for ecological and environmental reasons. These six primary target groups provide fertile ground for GLB to become a profitable operation within the first year of production. In fact, GLB will become the top producer of farm-raised bait for Florida and the entire southeast coastal corridors. Live Bait, Inc. production centers will be established in key locations through out Florida. The marinas, retail bait shops, bait and tackle shops within a thirty-mile radius will match the demographic target profile – high volume, high market price, pro-farm raised bait, easy assess to interstate highways and are being supplied by wholesalers from great distances. A marketing survey conducted by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Service’s, Bureau of Seafood and Aquaculture Marketing has documented annual landings (harvests), volumes of bait sold by retailers, wholesale/retail prices, peak seasonal demands and months of supply shortages. Major harvesting areas are divided Hernando Regions (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, Pinellas and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings; Pine Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings. Annual Landings report to Florida’s Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission by licensed bait shrimpers in 2000 was 2.46 million pounds (246 million bait size shrimp using a 100/1b count). This is 50% above the reported landings for 1991 of 1.23 million pounds 123 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count). Fishery managers feel the harvest numbers are under-reported on trip tickets. And since live bait shrimp is a cash industry sales are not accurately reported. Also not all shrimp caught as live bait is sold as live bait, there are high mortality rates associated with harvesting, holding and transporting. Larger shrimp will often be culled and sold as food. It is likely that the farm production needed to supply current markets will have to be 50% above reported landings to approximately 3.69 million pounds (369 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count).

Listening Essays

Listening Essays Listening Essay Listening Essay LISTEN UP! According to Raymond McNulty, â€Å"Everyone who expects to succeed in life should realize that success will come only if you give careful consideration to other people. † To accomplish this, you must be an excellent listener. One of the most critical skills that an individual acquires is the ability to listen. Studies indicate that a person spends 70 percent to 80 percent of his or her time communicating, of which 45 percent is spent listening. Nixon and West give the following breakdown for the average time an individual spends communicating. Writing 9 % Reading 16 % Speaking 30 % Listening 45 % Since almost half of the time spent communicating is spent listening, it is important to overcome any obstacles that obstruct our ability to listen and to learn new ways to improve our listening ability. Barriers to Listening Anything that interferes with our ability to listen is classified as a barrier to listening. These barriers can be divided into two basic categories- external and internal barriers. Internal Barriers. Internal barriers are those that deal with the mental or psychological aspects of listening. The perception of the importance of the message, the emotional state, and the tuning in and out of the speaker by the listener are examples of internal barriers. External Barriers. External barriers are the barriers other than those that deal with the mental and psychological make up of the listener that tend to keep the listener from devoting full attention to what is being said. Telephone interruptions, uninvited visitors, noise, and the physical environment are examples of external barriers. Ways to Improve Listening Barriers to listening can be overcome. However, it does take a sincere effort on the part of the listener. Neher and Waite suggest the following ways to improve listening skills. Be aware of the barriers that are especially troublesome for you. Listening difficulties are individualistic. Developing awareness is an important step in overcoming such barriers. Listen as though you will have to paraphrase what is being said. Listen for ideas rather than for facts. Expect to work to at listening. Work at overcoming distractions, such as the speaker’s delivery or nonverbal mannerisms. Concentrate on summarizing the presentation as you listen. If possible, think of additional supporting material that would fit with the point that the speaker is making. Avoid trying to refute the speaker. Try not to be turned off by remarks you disagree with. H. Dan O’ Hair, James S. O’ Rourke IV, and Mary John O’ Hair, Business Communication: A Framework for Success (Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing, 2001), p. 211. Judy C. Nixon and Judy F. West, â€Å"Listening- The New Competency,† The Balance Sheet (January/February 1989), pp. 27-29. William W. Neher and David H. Waite, The Business and Professional Communicator (Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1993), p. 28.

Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay Essay Example

Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay Essay Example Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay Essay Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay Essay Sport touristry is a new construct in the universe holding the most growing in touristry industry. Many of states enjoy an appropriate position with regard to feature touristry and, consequently, lend straight to their nation`s economic prosperity. Hence, the end of this research is comparison and study of touristry directors, involvement directors and tourisms`ideas about creative activity of athletics tourism-induced employment and income in Mazandaran-Iran. The tool of this research is a researcher-made five graduated table likert questionnaire. The questionnaire dependability and the coefficient cogency were confirmed by experient professors and with ( ? = 0.82 ) , respectively.Finally, The information analysis carried out utilizing the SPSS package and ?2 statistic trial. The consequences show that occupation creative activity ( ? 4.360, p- 0.35 ) and income production ( ?2 -1.633, p- 0.80 ) were antecedently at a minimal However, the function of touristry industry development is believed to make occupations ( ?2 9.740, p- 0.04 ) and income ( ?2 5.224,0.51 ) . Compared with other surveies, the present research indicates that future athletics touristry industry influences occupation and income production in the parts hosting the athletics events provided that the athletics touristry industry and its several substructures are well-developed. Cardinal word: athletics touristry, touristry economic, income, employment, athletics, touristry, occupation. Introduction Sport touristry is a comparatively new and of all time increasing industry in the touristry industry concentrating on the mark planning in the development states.It is besides believed athletics touristry shall reconstitute the rural and urban communities from societal and economic positions.Seemingly sport touristry shall better the individuals`life quality through tourer attractive force and consequences in the economic public assistance of the local communities ( Swart and Bob 2007 ) .Sport touristry is defined as impermanent motion from one s colony to go through their free clip playing and watching games and so forth ( Preuss et al 2007 ) . Today, athletics and touristry are concerned with the of import economic activities in the developed and developing states ( Swart and Bob 2007 ) .Based upon the universe touristry organisation estimates,43 % of the universe occupations will be associated with touristry industry by 2010.For illustration, from 1997 to 2005, athletics touristry brought about an one-year addition in gross domestic growing ( 1.3 % ) resulted from economic activities with respect to keeping large athletics competitions, and unemployment declined by 1.9 % on one-year footing ( Kasimati and Dawson,2009 ) .Thus, the athletics can considerably act upon sport-based services and merchandises in footings of functional and ocular dimensions.Hence, it is considered as one of the effectual factor extremely influencing national growing and gross in 21th century ( Brown and Nagel,2002 ) . The corresponding surveies indicate that athletics touristry is the most developed sector of touristry industry ( Chalip,2004 ) such that it is regarded as a universe multi-billion trading component bring forthing 4.5 trillion dollars for touristry industry and universe circuit ( Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb,2007 ) . Tourists are a main beginning of income and employment for the population of the hosting part ( Batyk and Ski,2009 ) that is why, the universe metropolitans consider Olympic games as a alone chance for local selling, because a possible economic advantage of being the host of a large athletics event is to pull many witnesss and tourers to the hosting metropolis and accordingly, it shall positive economic effects ( Preuss et al,2007 ) .Most published documents in footings of Olympic games have chiefly focused on its long standing benefits such as new substructures and installations, the cities` Reconstruction, international credibleness, touristry growing, public public assistance betterment, occupation creative activity and local employment chances.Thus, gratuitous to state why in recent old ages, states have tended to host the approaching competitions ( Kasimati,2003 ) .Then, athletics touristry is considered as an effectual tool to cover with poorness and unemployment and increase e conomic growing and societal public assistance of the communities, particularly developing states ( Eftekhari,1999 ) There are two sorts of athletics touristries: the first one employs athletics for the interest of its touristry development advantages, while the other one is the consequence of sport-based activities ( Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb,2007 ) .So the communities should take both types into history ( Daniels,2007 ) so as to optimally take advantage of their positive consequences. Since there are assorted motivations as for engagement in the athletics activities such as competition, diversion and going to watch preliminary or prime competitions or athletics attractive forces ( Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb,2007 ) , natural resources athletics and touristry installations play a important function in pulling tourers to the host metropolis, part or state. In this respect, Kozak studied the factors act uponing athletics tourer trip sing their finish and nationality. His consequences indicated that adjustment, installations, clime, monetary value rate, geographical location of the host part and entree to sea coast were the grounds as for why English tourers had traveled to Malt and Turkey ( Kozak,2005 ) . Mazandaran state is regarded one of the taking touristry centres due to its favourable nature and geographical locations ( Mazandaran_based touristry organization,2008 ) .No uncertainty, touristry is one of the of import sectors in terns of economic development of Mazandaran.This status applies for the communities, particularly Mazandaran, in which persons pursue assorted activities to do money. Since application of local resources to do and heighten income minimizes the dependence upon national resources, such communities shall prevail in the long tally depending on their local resources ( Poudial et al,2008 ) .Given possible resources in Mazandaran like Mazandaran sea, assorted vegetations and zoologies, picturesque mountains, woods and coast, Damavand acme ( 5670m ) , caves, waterfalls, rivers, watering place, springs, lagunas particularly Miankahe peninsular in Behshar,800 well-known monumental and historical musca volitanss like Amol, Chalous, Sari, rivers, lakes bank, musca vol itanss, waterfalls, state Parkss, protected countries and wild life, conserves and natural-national plants, mineral Waterss, . It might a best pick for tourers with assorted motivations. The parts in which athletics and athletic activities is a portion of their civilization can certainly take advantage of domestic and international tourers, addition indigens income and at the same clip, minimise the unemployment and rising prices rate.Here, persons pursue a broad scope of assorted activities to do money ( Tao, 2008 ) .Hence, the present research attempts to happen a answer to this inquiry: to what extent has the athletics touristry influenced the occupation and income creative activity in Mazandaran-Iran. Methodology: The present research is of descriptive-analytical type for which the researcher-made questionnaire conducted based upon the Likert s 5-item graduated table. Its cogency and dependability coefficient confirmed by experient university module professors and Cronbach alpha ( 82 % ) . The statistical population, here, was Mazandaran state. Furthermore, all statistical sample was 3 groups 1 ) .31 tourers 2 ) .12 interested directors 3 ) .12 tourism-cultural heritage organisation directors. The directors were chosen on the footing of their handiness, while the tourers chosen utilizing simple random trying. In add-on, statistics like frequence and per centum every bit good as chi-square applied for statistical descriptions. Findingss: The present survey included 16.4 % adult females and 83.6 % work forces with average age of 31.Also, 30 % and 70 % of them were individual and married, respectively.Additionally, 43.7 % had sheepskin, whereas 56.3 % had higher instruction. Most of our samples were employees whose mean salary ranged from 300-400 dollars. Table 1 presents the frequence distributions of our samples viz. tourers, tourisms-cultural heritage organisation directors and interested directors Table 1 Sample frequence Number Percentage Tourists 31 56.4 Tourism-cultural heritage organisation directors 12 21.8 Interested directors 12 21.8 entire 55 100 Equally far as illative statistics was concerned, all 3 groups disagreed about the thought that investing in touristry and athletics industry had antecedently led to the young person employment in the part based upon the consequence gained from chi-square analysis ( x2 =4.360, p=0.35 ) Figure 1: all 3 groups position points sing occupation creative activity in the part in footings of athletics touristry in the yesteryear. However, the consequences indicated that all 3 groups would hold about the fact that investing in sport touristry in Meandering will surely make occupations ( x2=9.740, p=0.04 ) . Figure 2: all 3 groups position points sing occupation creative activity as a consequence of investing in sport touristry industry in Mazandaran On the other manus, the chi-square analysis consequences as to whether investing in athletics sector ( e.g. wrestle ) would take to occupation creative activity stimulated all 3 groups dissensions ( x2=1.631, p=0.9 ) Figure 3: all 3 groups view point sing occupation creative activity ensuing from investing in athletics sector ( wrestling, for illustration ) in Mazandaran in the old old ages The qi -square consequences as to whether sport touristry development would act upon the peoples income in the hereafter induced all 3 groups understanding ( x2=5.224, p=0.51 ) Besides, the chi-square analysis as to whether athletics ( e.g. wrestle ) had increased the people s income in the yesteryear yielded all 3 groups dissension ( x2=1.663, p=0.89 ) Discussion: The present survey aimed to look into the athletics touristry impact upon occupation and income creative activity in Mazandaran -Iran taking tourers, interested directors and tourism-cultural heritage organisation directors position points into history. These groups position points reflected the fact that occupation creative activity rate in footings of investing in the athletics touristry in Mazandaran had been at lower limit. The research consequences indicated that occupation creative activity based upon investing in local athletics ( e.g. wrestling ) was undistinguished, every bit good. So, it was perchance that the fringy occupation creative activity was associated with deficiency of related installations and substructures. Similarly, a instance survey by Bud and Matson ( 2002 ) showed that the impact of Los angles Olympic games ( 1984 ) and Atlanta Olympic games ( 1996 ) upon unemployment had wholly been impermanent, while the stable status resulted merely when new installations and substructures were economically geared for the undermentioned old ages ( Kasimatia and Dawson,2008 ) .It is notable that athletics touristry is made up from two footings viz. touristry and athletics. So that one should see both elements exhaustively, whereas these two elements have been disregarded in the state. This ground complies with Manson s findings ( 2007 ) reasoning that the host parts should see both athletics res ources and touristry services wholly ( Danilzo,2007 ) .The present survey consequences indicate that the tourers and interested directors point of views sing whether investing in sport touristry would convey about occupation creative activity in Mazandaran differed with those of cultural heritage organisation directors who tended to differ about this fact, whereas both tourers and interested directors would hold about it. The ground for that tourers and cultural heritage directors dissension lies in the fact that they handled athletics touristry as the separate constituent and did nt see sport touristry as a occupation creative activity tool which, now, has outperformed other industries. However, Kazimatia and Dawsons` surveies ( 2007 ) asserted that holding been the host of assorted athletics competitions, Greece would witness a important decrease in unemployment through 1997-2004 during which, on norm, there was 1.88 % one-year decrease in unemployment rate.Similarly, Balfonsa and Sava ( 2002 ) estimated that Olympic games will make 7700 new occupations between 2006-2012 ( Kasimatia and Dawson,2007 ) .Also, the surveies showed that Sidney Olympic games ( 2000 ) would make 5300 occupations in the south Walzder-Australia and 7500 occupations throughout Australia ( Lockstone, Baum 2008 ) . All 3 survey groups in the present survey would hold that touristry industry might positively act upon the people s income in Mazandaran province.The research is besides in conformance with the findings of Shepenger et Al ( 2003 ) , Daniels ( 2007 ) , Collisa et Al ( 2008 ) , Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb ( 2007 ) .In footings of the impact of local athleticss ( e.g wrestling ) in the state upon the indigens income, all 3 groups would nt prefer this thought and related their dissension to deficiency of installations and substructures in the touristry and athletics Fieldss However, the findings of Mason and Mundaya ( 2008 ) .Lockstone and Baum ( 2008 ) indicated that the hosting parts enjoy considerable addition in income due to keeping athletics events Recommendations: 1 ) An betterment and addition in natural and semisynthetic substructure so as to efficaciously pull athletics tourers. 2 ) An investing in presenting Mazandaran state as a alone athletics touristry part. 3 ) An enterprise to incorporate touristry and athletics touristry activities.

History of the Caste System in India

History of the Caste System in India The origins of the caste system in India and Nepal are not fully known, but castes seems to have originated more than two thousand years ago. Under this system, which is associated with Hinduism, people were categorized by their occupations. Although originally caste depended upon a persons work, it soon became hereditary. Each person was born into an unalterable social status. The four primary castes are Brahmin, the priests; Kshatriya, warriors and nobility; Vaisya, farmers, traders and artisans; and Shudra, tenant farmers, and servants. Some people were born outside of (and below) the caste system. They were called untouchables or Dalits- the crushed ones. Theology Behind the Castes Reincarnation is the process by which a soul is reborn into a new material form after each life; it is one of the central features of the Hindu cosmology. Souls can move not only among different levels of human society, but also into other animals. This belief is thought to be one of the primary reasons for the vegetarianism of many Hindus. Within a single lifetime, people in India historically had little social mobility. They had to strive for virtue during their present lives in order to attain a higher station their next time around. In this system, a particular souls new form depends upon the virtuousness of its previous behavior. Thus, a truly virtuous person from the Shudra caste could be rewarded with rebirth as a Brahmin in his or her next life. Daily Significance of Caste Practices associated with caste varied through time and across India, but all shared some common features. The three key areas of life historically dominated by caste were marriage, meals, and religious worship. Marriage across caste lines was strictly forbidden. Most people even married within their own sub-caste or jati. At mealtimes, anyone could accept food from the hands of a Brahmin, but a Brahmin would be polluted if he or she took certain types of food from a lower caste person. At the other extreme, if an untouchable dared to draw water from a public well, he or she polluted the water, and nobody else could use it. In religious worship, Brahmins, as the priestly class, presided over rituals and services including preparation for festivals and holidays, as well as marriages and funerals. The Kshatrya and Vaisya castes had full rights to worship, but in some places, Shudras (the servant caste) were not allowed to offer sacrifices to the gods. Untouchables were barred entirely from temples, and sometimes they were not even allowed to set foot on temple grounds. If the shadow of an untouchable touched a Brahmin, the Brahmin would be polluted, so untouchables had to lay face-down at a distance when a Brahmin passed. Thousands of Castes Although the early Vedic sources name four primary castes, in fact, there were thousands of castes, sub-castes, and communities within Indian society. These jati were the basis of both social status and occupation. Castes or sub-castes besides the four mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita include such groups as the Bhumihar or landowners, Kayastha or scribes, and the Rajput, a northern sector of the Kshatriya, or warrior, caste. Some castes arose from very specific occupations, such as the Garudi- snake charmers- or the Sonjhari, who collected gold from river beds. The Untouchables People who violated social norms could be punished by being made untouchables. This was not the lowest caste. The person deemed untouchable- and their descendants- were condemned and completely outside of the caste system. Untouchables were considered so impure that any contact with them by a caste member would contaminate the member. The polluted person would have to bathe and wash his or her clothing immediately.  The untouchables historically did work that no one else would do, like scavenging animal carcasses, leather-work, or killing rats and other pests.  Untouchables could not eat in the same room as caste members and could not be cremated when they died. Caste among Non-Hindus Curiously, non-Hindu populations in India sometimes organized themselves into castes as well. After the introduction of Islam on the subcontinent, for example, Muslims were divided into classes such as the Sayed, Sheikh, Mughal, Pathan, and Qureshi. These castes are drawn from several sources: The Mughal and Pathan are ethnic groups, roughly speaking, while the Qureshi name comes from the Prophet Muhammads clan in Mecca. Small numbers of Indians were Christian from around 50 CE onward. Christianity expanded in India after the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century. Many Christian Indians continued to observe caste distinctions, however. Origins of the Caste System Early written evidence about the caste system appears in the Vedas, Sanskrit-language texts that date from as early as 1500 BCE. The Vedas form the basis of Hindu scripture. The Rigveda, however, which dates from around 1700–1100 BCE, rarely mentions caste distinctions and is taken as evidence that social mobility was common in its time. The Bhagavad Gita, which dates from around 200 BCE–200 CE, emphasizes the importance of caste. In addition, the Laws of Manu or Manusmriti, from the same era, defines the rights and duties of the four different castes or varnas. Thus, it seems that the Hindu caste system began to solidify sometime between 1000 and 200 BCE. The Caste System During Classical Indian History The caste system was not absolute during much of Indian history. For example, the renowned Gupta Dynasty, which ruled from 320 to 550 CE, was from the Vaishya caste rather than the Kshatriya. Many later rulers also were from different castes, such as the Madurai Nayaks (who ruled from 1559 to 1739 CE) who were Balijas (traders). From the 12th century to the 18th century CE, much of India was ruled by Muslims. These rulers reduced the power of the Hindu priestly caste, the Brahmins. The traditional Hindu rulers and warriors, or Kshatriyas, nearly ceased to exist in north and central India. The Vaishya and Shudra castes also virtually melded together. Although the Muslim rulers faith had a strong impact on the Hindu upper castes in the centers of power, anti-Muslim feeling in rural areas actually strengthened the caste system. Hindu villagers reconfirmed their identity through caste affiliation. Nonetheless, during the six centuries of Islamic domination (roughly 1150–1750 CE), the caste system evolved considerably. For example, Brahmins began to rely on farming for their income, since the Muslim kings did not give rich gifts to Hindu temples. This farming practice was considered justified so long as Shudras did the actual physical labor. The British Raj and Caste When the British Raj began to take power in India in 1757, they exploited the caste system as a means of social control. The British allied themselves with the Brahmin caste, restoring some of its privileges, which had been repealed by the Muslim rulers. However, many Indian customs concerning the lower castes seemed discriminatory to the British, so these were outlawed. During the 1930s and 1940s, the British government made laws to protect the Scheduled castes, untouchables and low-caste people. A movement toward the abolition of untouchability took place within Indian society in the 19th and early 20th centuries as well. In 1928, the first temple welcomed untouchables (Dalits) to worship with its upper-caste members. Mohandas Gandhi advocated emancipation for the Dalits, too, coining the term harijan or Children of God to describe them. Caste Relations in Independent India The Republic of India became independent on August 15, 1947. Indias new government instituted laws to protect the Scheduled castes and tribes which included both the untouchables and groups living traditional lifestyles. These laws include quota systems that help to ensure access to education and to government posts. Because of these shifts, a persons caste has become somewhat more of a political category than a social or religious one in modern India. Sources: Ali, Syed. Collective and Elective Ethnicity: Caste among Urban Muslims in India, Sociological Forum, vol. 17, no. 4, December 2002, pp. 593-620.Chandra, Ramesh. Identity and Genesis of Caste System in India. Gyan Books, 2005.Ghurye, G.S. Caste and Race in India. Popular Prakashan, 1996.Perez, Rosa Maria. Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India. Orient Blackswan, 2004.Reddy, Deepa S. The Ethnicity of Caste, Anthropological Quarterly, vol. 78, no. 3, Summer 2005, pp. 543-584.

Deepening Affirmations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Deepening Affirmations - Essay Example Generally speaking, the Deepening Affirmation opens up a world of thought that is provocative and an eye-opener. I have learned remarkably in reading the self-help book written by Benor. In it, Benor asserts the close connection between the body and the mind (1). For instance, the physical pain that a person feels is something that a body wants to communicate to that person. Although physical, at certain extent, pain also exists in one’s mind. Benor’s concept of pain is distinct from what the modern science defines the term â€Å"pain.† For him, pain is deeply related to the person’s past. When an individual experiences pain, such pain is not derived from the physical immediate environment but from his or her inner self. With this kind of pain, medicine or any sort of drug medication cannot heal the pain that a person encounters. He or she must discover for him- or herself the historical/psychological reason why the pain emerged. Benor’s idea is fascinating because such concept or theory views the pain (e.g., fear) not in the outside and immediate world but i n the inner workings of a person. Thence, pain can be reduced, if not healed completely, through the person him- or herself. Benor presents a method of how to self-help one’s self: WHEE. There is something agreeable in Benor’s idea of mind, body, and pain. In fact, I have always believed that my body and my mind are interconnected and interrelated. When I think of good thoughts, my body is at ease. And when my body is healthy and strong, my mind is far from dis-ease (borrowed from Benor). What is surprising in his method is the tapping part and the recitation of an affirmative statement. Intuitively, they sound silly. There is no quarrel with the body-mind theory but I find it ridiculous to use the WHEE method. Benor seems to compare pain with a little boy. When a boy is experiencing difficulty or discomfort, the parent or guardian usually gently taps his

Journal 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Journal 1 - Essay Example Ideally, some Americans like the American Indians dispute this idea by tracing their origin to America. However, William Least Heat-Moon justifies his idea by quoting historic facts that trace the origin of all Native American tribes (Heat-Moon 71-77). The idea that travelling might offer solutions to various problems is equally intriguing. It is amazing how travelling especially by road can help in solving psychological problems. The fact that we cannot know the exact point where we can find an answer to a specific problem, William Least Heat-Moon encourages us to keep travelling. In the essay, The Classic American Road Trip, William Least Heat-Moon proves how travelling is fascinating and refreshing to the human mind (Heat-Moon 365-371). It is amazing that he seeks to prove that travelling can justify the course of life by showing how a traveler explores landscapes and people’s lives (Heat-Moon 367-371). Moreover, the author presents the travel writing theory by showing comprehension of the intentions of travelling. Through travel writing, William Least Heat-Moon expresses his soul and experiences. Indeed, he is one of the popular travel writers in

Summary Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Summary - Movie Review Example The main problem that gave rise to such a thing was the use of a deputy (by the sheriff investigating the case) to translate what a witness to the crime said. The translator was used because Cortez could not speak in Spanish. The worst part was that the translator himself could not speak Spanish accurately-his inability to distinguish in Spanish between a caballo (horse) and a yegua (mare) leads to the sheriff believing Cortez to be the horse-thief. When the sheriff goes after him with a gun, Cortez rightfully fights back for his life-in the current century, this act of his would be called self-defense. His brother gets shot and killed in this process in the mayhem. Cortez accidentally shoots at the sheriff, killing him. Soon after this occurs, Cortez takes off on horseback and heads for the Mexican border. He is pursued by sheriffs, the renowned Texas Rangers and possess across Texas, all of whom were unable to catch the ‘fugitive’. The longer it takes for them to capture him, the more he is depicted as a hero by the press. Even though he steered cleared of the several traps that his capturers set for him, he eventually turned himself in when he found out that his family had been arrested by the authorities and kept as prisoners. The manhunt lasted for about eleven days. This whole incident results in the devastation of a family and the killing of an innocent man. The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez is an amazing representation by director Robert M. Young of the injustice that Mexican-American workers and citizens in the Southwest suffered at the hands of the Texas Rangers. The director has effectively used the techniques of flashbacks to show the different accounts of what happened. Moreover, it is a bit intriguing to find out the real character of Gregorio Cortez. This is because his role in the story keeps changing from time to time- it all depends on who is telling the story. There is, however, one

Assemble a Patchwork Text (Accounting and Information System) Essay

Assemble a Patchwork Text (Accounting and Information System) - Essay Example The dynamic nature of the modern markets means that organisations and their operating principles will always be on the change. Unless the modern working individual can change just as fast or faster, there is little relevance of his work to the organisation anymore. These personal changes have their wider impact on the organisational culture as well since people working in one organisation are deeply interlinked. These issues gain greater momentum when put under the light of dealing with a large number of staff members with varying socio economic and ethnic backgrounds. The multicultural environment in the modern workplace necessitates the individual to be accommodating, tolerant and ready for change as required. When viewed closely, these issues relating to change in the modern workplace all point to the same direction – the individual. As organisations change in one way or the other, the individual employed in these situations has to mould himself or herself accordingly. This indicates that the individual working for these establishments has to be quick and responsive to change by being accustomed to changes in leadership styles, management of change and their impact on others around them. These needs and requirements of change in the modern workplace mean that the individual has to be equipped with knowledge of psychodynamics to change. However, since psychodynamics is not a part of essential learning and training in most organisations, a large number of employees find it hard to change. It is only recently that psychodynamics has been employed in organisations to explain change on an individual level. This paper will employ the psychodynamic concepts elucidated by Vries (2004) in order to explain organisational change and its relevance to personal change. The facets of personal change and organisational change experienced by the author in an organisational work environment will be explored in detail in different sections. The first section will concen trate on the primary issue that caused a personal change in an organisational environment to occur. Both the core issues and their deeper context will be explored with reference to the organisation. The second section will focus on the causes that caused recognition of change and its corresponding management. The third section will expound how the author dealt with such changes and ensured its sustainability. The fourth section will deal with how this change affected the greater organisational culture and particularly the people around the author. Focal Event A focal event in terms of personal change can represent a decisive event that forces a person to change. It must also be mentioned that the focal event does not precipitate without past events that are gradually moving a person to a change. The focal event that is being referred to in this paper has been likened to the â€Å"last straw on the camel’s back† (Vries & Balazs, 1999). Therefore, the focal event can be treated as a minor or major event that triggers a person to pursue change that had been developing over a period of time for any number of factors. My focal event was when I was transferred from an existing unit to a new unit that was just being set up. The management had asked me if I intended to shift to the new unit. I was appraised that the setting up of a new unit would allow me to experience many things for the first time

The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations Essay

The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations - Essay Example The paper tells that the subject of employment relationship has been established with the help of an interdisciplinary method through conceptions and ideas that have been determined from sociology, psychology, and history. Employee relations can be of an individual dimension which is based upon the belief of every employee or can be of the collective dimension that is based upon the relationship between the management of an organization and the trade unions. Employment relationship in Britain has had a significant impact on the European Union. It has been observed that there is a long history regarding Britain’s employment relations that is considerably affected by the European Union (EU). Britain has witnessed a reduction in the trade unions. For instance, in the year 1979, there were 475 trade unions which reduced to 221 in the year 2000 and in the year 2001 the number of trade unions reduced to 206. These figures reveal that there has been a significant reduction of trade u nions in the recent years. The EU has led to an influential change in the labor law of Britain in relation to socio-economic, socio-demographic and managerial changes. Emphasis has been given to the quality of work amid the unions and the employers due to which there has been a decline in the quality of labor. There has been a rise in problems relating to the work-life balance due to which the EU directives have taken the initiative to improve this balance through egalitarianism, physical well-being, security and social dialogue. Employers have revealed that there has been an upsurge in the level of stress for the employees due to the increase in the qualitative requirements of the product and high competition. The EU legislation has not established any specific policy to provide the trade unions a greater power for negotiation.

Target Corporation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Target Corporation - Research Paper Example Upon this foundation, Target is expanding its business operations internationally. It hopes to start retail chains in Canada by 2013. By moving across borders, Target will follow and provide competition for Wal-Mart. Consequently, it will continue to grow and fund additional projects such as expansion through acquisitions. The success of Target is largely attributable to the culture of the organization, which stresses honesty and community (Rowley 145). In this examination of Target Corporation, we hope to accomplish a comprehensive look at the company’s history, financials, capital, reputation, marketing, and future. This all-inclusive view of the company can thus be evaluated in terms of how Target would like to perceive and how the public actually sees Target Corporation as an asset (or a liability) in their communities. Human Capital Target Corporation employs roughly 355,000 employees throughout the United States, who take part in a variety of operational functions such as managing stores, marketing, and customer service (SEC). Employees at Target are generally happy; however, there is some criticism of compensation and benefit packages offered by the company. For instance, it is alleged by labor groups and current employees that Target, based out of Minneapolis, pays less in some cases than their competitor Wal-Mart. does According to a recent survey by UFCW, Target pays entry-level positions a salary of about $6.25 per hour to $8 per hour, depending on qualifications (Serres). This is below- or at-the-market in terms of large retail chains. Therefore, even though Wal-Mart is often the subject of criticisms and community rejection, it seems that Target has a similar pay scheme for low-level employees to their competitor. In terms of benefits, union groups see Target as less equitable than its competitors do. In the early 2000s, Target dropped all health care insurance coverage for part-time workers, while Wal-Mart has maintained its medical plan available to all workers (Serres). However, many employees still agree that it is a better place to work than some other large retail chains, despite the weaknesses in the health care insurance pr ogram. Target’s benefits packages rate high in terms of flexibility for higher-level employees. The 401(k) plans offered by Target considered some of the best in the industry insofar as it matches dollar for dollar up to five percent of contributions made by employees. In addition, Target offers many other programs including the â€Å"Take Charge of Education† program that allows Target credit-card holders to donate 1 percent a year of their purchases to a school of their choice. This is in line with Target’s explicit commitment to the value of family (Rowley 146). Union Involvement Target Corporation is like Wal-Mart in the fact that they are not unionized. In fact, Target sees unionization as a potential threat to their corporate success (Rowley 141). For that reason, the company has published anti-video literature and videos in order to warn their employees about the dangers of a union. Deborah Weinswig, an analyst with Salomon Smith Barney, said that,  "Target is not a union, so it can charge lower prices than other food retailers. In the Northeast, SuperTargets have done extremely well† (Rowley 174). This lends credence to the view that Target would be negatively affected by a unionization of its employees. These efforts were increased in 2009 in response to

The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations Essay

The Impact of the European Union on British Employment Relations - Essay Example The paper tells that the subject of employment relationship has been established with the help of an interdisciplinary method through conceptions and ideas that have been determined from sociology, psychology, and history. Employee relations can be of an individual dimension which is based upon the belief of every employee or can be of the collective dimension that is based upon the relationship between the management of an organization and the trade unions. Employment relationship in Britain has had a significant impact on the European Union. It has been observed that there is a long history regarding Britain’s employment relations that is considerably affected by the European Union (EU). Britain has witnessed a reduction in the trade unions. For instance, in the year 1979, there were 475 trade unions which reduced to 221 in the year 2000 and in the year 2001 the number of trade unions reduced to 206. These figures reveal that there has been a significant reduction of trade u nions in the recent years. The EU has led to an influential change in the labor law of Britain in relation to socio-economic, socio-demographic and managerial changes. Emphasis has been given to the quality of work amid the unions and the employers due to which there has been a decline in the quality of labor. There has been a rise in problems relating to the work-life balance due to which the EU directives have taken the initiative to improve this balance through egalitarianism, physical well-being, security and social dialogue. Employers have revealed that there has been an upsurge in the level of stress for the employees due to the increase in the qualitative requirements of the product and high competition. The EU legislation has not established any specific policy to provide the trade unions a greater power for negotiation.

Technology in Place Prior to Disaster Event (Who, What, When, Where, Essay

Technology in Place Prior to Disaster Event (Who, What, When, Where, Why) - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that hurricane research succeeded in prediction and therefore saving lives. People would salvage their property on their own without warning. Those who made it survived and those who were not able to would die. But all the same, New Orleans would not be deserted. People came back after the hurricane to settle down again. Prior to the hurricane, people did not build high walls and canals to drain water. It was not thought of until a research was done after the hurricane. Disasters would strike again and again. People would move away when disaster strikes and come back when it had gone. It is in Virginia Key, FLA†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. that an accurate hurricane forecasting may be found in the wreckage of its worst failure. Many people died because weather officials did not recognize the power dynamics of the storm and failed to warn residents until it was too late to do anything. Homes and businesses were destroyed. Bodies floated in Galveston Bay for days. This is an example of what used to happen long before current technology was used in forecasting and therefore preparing people for such disasters. After previous hurricanes, levees, seawalls, pumping systems and satellite hurricane tracking provide a comfort safety margin that has saved many lives. Modern technology and engineering was, however, an alarming fact. â€Å"In the generations since those storms menaced, champagne’s ancestors, South Louisiana has been growing more vulnerable to hurricanes, no less†. These flood protection efforts here caused sinking land and coastal erosion. These have opened dangerous ways for relatively weak hurricanes and tropical storms to affect new areas inland.

Expected U.S. GDP growth rate going forward Essay Example for Free

Expected U.S. GDP growth rate going forward Essay This paper examines the expected growth of the United State’s GDP.   It looks at how the economy is performing, especially after the recent credit crunch that had effects on the whole world’s economy. The paper looks at GDP growth rates expected at different rates for specific periods of time.   According to the World Bank, the economy of the United States of America is the largest amongst the world’s economies. Expected U.S. GDP growth rate going forward Economic growth is a situation in which the value of goods and services produced by a given economy. It is measured in terms of GDP where it is taken as the percentage rate of rise in real GDP.   Growth is an economic parameter that is presented in real terms; this means that it varies according to adjustments in inflation-terms so that the effects of inflation on product prices can be netted out (Lipsey, et al, 2007).   The average living standards of citizens of a nation are measured using real GDP per capita calculated as the total GDP divided by the total population in an economy. Considering the recent economic activities, the economy was on a go slow during the second quarter due to the fact that consumer spending was adversely affected by job scarcity. This condition left the recovery to almost solely dependent on the flow in commercial investments. According to updates of July 28, 2010 by Economic Outlook Index, it predicted that the economy will experience growth in real Gross Domestic Product at an annualized growth rate based on six month period. However, after the end of stimulus initiatives, it is expected to slow to about 2.5% by the end of December 2010. This situation will be greatly influenced by the seemingly perpetual high unemployment, the feeble housing market, high debt and rigid credit. The GDP of U.S., and of course other economies, can be determined either by finding total demand in the economy, total production or total spending. Using total spending, it is projected that during 2010 the total spending will be $6413 billion. This represents about $378 billion or 6.26% increase based on the previous projections of 2009. This is also expected to continue rising in the subsequent years. For instance, the total spending is expected to hit $6713 billion and $6832 billion in 2011 and 2012 respectively (U.S.A. Government spending, 2010). The implication of this is that the U.S. GDP can be expected to grow at the rate 6.26% in 2010, 4.68% in 2011; this represents a drop from the preceding period and in 2012 it is expected to grow at the rate of 1.77% (U.S.A. Government spending, 2010). This means that even though the real GDP is expected to grow between 2010 and 2010, it will happen at a reducing rate. Even, So, some of drivers of the projected growth include the expected increase in employment for the period running from 2008 to 2018 in which   unemployment is to reduce by 10.1% and increased government expenditures amongst other significant economic factors. It is therefore important to note that there is no cause for alarm amongst the business community and the investors. Conclusion The recent credit crunch which started in 2007 affected the U.S.A economy alongside other major world economies hence sending ripple effects to the developing economies (International Monetary Fund, 2008). More jobs were lost during the period, the prices in the real estate market experienced high inflations and generally the cost of basic consumer products went up. However, through stimulus strategy and other economic interventions has seen the U.S GDP growth start increasing. This is due to projected growth in total expenditures and commercial activities within the U.S. economy. It is also expected that unemployment rate will go down and hence have a positive effects on total expenditures.

Globalisation Affected The Design Culture Cultural Studies Essay

Globalisation Affected The Design Culture Cultural Studies Essay It has been determined that our genetics play a huge role in what we are as people in terms of our looks and personality as well as our likes and dislikes. It has also been argued that creativity is generic and thus can determine what we individually find aesthetically pleasing. Yet do our upbringing of morals and beliefs play a role in how we view the world in terms of creativity and design? In his chapter on Taste, Clay (2009:13) states that The particular culture an individual is brought up in has inescapable influence in that persons preferences. I tend to agree as I do believe our preferences when it comes to design, stem from where and how we were brought up and in correlation to this, what we were exposed to in our upbringing. However, it seems in todays fast passed technological world where we have advances in technology that ten years ago seemed impossible, that we are losing touch of what culture and heritage are. This generation of technology allows for us to interact in what I believe to be an impersonal fashion. With services through the internet such as Facebook, Twitter and Skype we can communicate globally with the click of a button, which in terms of communication has advantages, yet we seem so detached from human interaction and all that comes with it. This is an effect of globilisation, as we are connected around the world, not only through technology such as the internet, but through the ever growing and advancement of travel networks of railways that link continents and aviation links that allow for transcontinental travel. The reality of the 21st century is that one can be in a different continent within a matter of hours and can communicate throughout the world at any point of time. In term s of creative problem solving, todays connected society has advantage as we can collectively gather and share information that can be used for solutions to global problems and therefore have a global interaction that will determine changes. It is not my argument that this is bad, as we have been allowed a freedom to travel and communicate and therefore experience the world. It is however, my concern that we have been detached from our roots in terms our cultural beliefs and heritage as cross cultural and socio-economic integrations have occurred as a result. Research that has dealt with this topic in particular speaks to how cultures have integrated and mixed and some argue that this is simply a continuation of evolution, yet I feel that as a result we could lose not only cultures that have grown through the ages but the sense of belonging or as Clay (2009;13) terms an individuals status in society. It is thus my intention to determine how globalisation has affected cultures through design changes. Literature Review Preliminary research on globalisation as a general topic has identified the cause of global change and development as a result of technology development that has allowed for the expansion of communication and travel. Cultures have been integrated in the sense that we are all connected through a similar thread that is the internet, where we can share information and discover and solve problems. As a result of this, we are better educated through the extent of knowledge that has been shared through this medium and thus have a better understanding of global issued that are being solved through design. It can be said that every aspect of our lives have been designed as we are constantly looking for ways to simplify our lives, mainly through technology. However, it is through this ever-growing advancement in technology that we have made our lives and therefore our economies and to some extent of which I intent to determine, our cultures complex and thus integrated. Jarzombek and Hwangbo (Global in a not so Global World.[sa]) base their theory on globalisation through what they see as the integration of modern and tradition and how cultural relevancy has been modernised to the extent that tradition is seemingly extinct. Examples of Eastern and Asian Architecture are used here to explain how politics and global integration can determine what is built and for what purpose a building takes on, regardless of the socio-economic situation or cultural effect that will occur. Although this article shows a bias argument, it is the issue of how cultural relevance has taken the back fall to global change in power and political battles that are of a result of globalisation that is of interest as this can determine how culture in terms of design is at risk. Therefore, it can be said that our lives are designed according to these changes as Marcus. G. H (What is Design Today.2002) asks the question What is Good Design? which can lead to an infinite array of answers that are determined by the individual. It is however my interest in Marcus take on how each aspect of design, from industrial to product design, relates to each other and forms a correlation that will affect each other as a result. Archer. B.L (Design Awareness.1974) similarly discusses creativity and how design is brought about. Elements of design from corporate strategy to consumer demand and conflicting issues in design are explained in a simplified way which break down design into a logical format from creativity and ideas to how and why designs are brought into effect and the global process that either demands or supplies influence on new design. However, it is the effect on society and heritage that is discussed in a business like format, which is of interest as Archer gives perspective on the global effect of design and why consumers are a part of the change. This leads to the idea of the consumer based society whereby we show demand for new products especially in technology and as a result we are affecting what is designed and produced and how we live our lives. Clay. R.(Beautiful Thing.2009) uses examples of art and design to correlate the relationships in all forms of creativity and therefore delves into the evolution of design and how this has effect on culture. Design in relation to our personal upbringings and where we live in todays society coincides on design decisions we make and why and how the human condition has evolved and changes with technology and global issues that are being discovered and solved through design. Cultural influences are debated through examples of clichà © designs and how these design methods have influenced design today and in what direction design is taking in modern society which will further more change culture and society which serves as the underlying issue of this research. On a similar chord, while dealing with culture of a region or geographic whereby consumers can be influenced through design, symbols and signs play a role in what is attractive or desirable in design. Culture can be described as familiarity and it is that which shows difference in culture and therefore design takes inspiration from this. Saleh M. (The use of historic symbols in contemporary planning and design*. 1998) explains that The meanings in symbols can be derived from three distinct forms of interaction: first, the ascription of economic and intellectual status to an object as a result of historical discourse; second, through use of an object when mediated by the cultural sphere; and third, when exchange values are transformed to sign values, as citisens, designers or decision makers interfere with the meaning of a landmark under cultural, economic and political relations of production and therefore introduces the realm of symbolic relation between culture and design and there fore how globally this relationship has been affected, of which the intention is to determine. Significance of Research My preliminary research has indicated that this topic is relevant in correlation to what is already known and it is the intention to further my knowledge of both cultures around the world as well as design that relates to culture and heritage. I have always been interested in travel and how other people live and moving to a new country has expanded my interest as I have learnt how people in South Africa live and how different the various cultures are. Language has also been a significant as I have learnt three languages that I would consider to be beneficial to my intended travel plans, and through language I have learnt that there is culture and heritage that is connected to a language; a topic that I could incorporate into my research paper. As it is my intention to research further into the implications of globalisation in relation to cultural changes and how this has influenced or been influential on design, I see this topic to be relevant to todays society and in relation to South African design. Research Methodology Though the current literature review, the topic of interest is placed into what is already known and it is my intention to further my research through the following questions and therefore derive a chapter outline for my proposed research paper: What is globalisation? How have cultures changed? What determined these changes? How has design changed? What has determined these changes? Does globalisation determine design change? How? Does design change determine cultural change? How?

With Reference To At Least Four Different Poems, Explore How Cultural E

With Reference To At Least Four Different Poems, Explore How Cultural Identity Is Represented By The Various Poets The four poems I have selected to focus on all portray a cultural identity in their own unique way. 'Wherever I hang' and 'The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping', are both written by Grace Nichols, a poet of Guinean background. I have also chosen to explore 'Dream Variation' by Langston Hughes as well as 'Half-Caste' by John Agard. I have chosen this selection of poetry because I feel that each poem has great merit in successfully challenging the racial disparities of the modern world. Grace Nichols unsurprisingly tends to base her poems around the inequality between the black and white communities; this is reflected in her poem 'Taint'. The poems I have chosen to investigate by her are 'The Fat Black Woman Goes Shopping' and 'Wherever I hang'. I chose to include these poems because they are in contrast to many of her other poems and it's content mainly comments on how white and black lifestyles differ rather than her usual theme of black persecution. The other two poems I have chosen by the two different poets both concentrate more on black discrimination like 'Taint' and are more similar to that poem, in this respect, than the two poems I chose by Grace Nichols. Langston Hughes writes a detailed analysis of the desires of the average Black man in his poem "Dream Variation". Hughes was related to John Mercer Langston, who was the first Black American to be elected to public office, in 1855. Born into a family with a strong sense of culture but a desire to be accepted, it is foreseeable that his poem reflects his aspiration of cultural freedom. Hughes uses representative imagery to portray... ...e wants to live she will live despite all obstacles-despite all cultural differences. The four poems use various methods to convey their points, overall the most effective being the humorous approach. Grace Nichols most effectively conveys her cultural identity via her sarcastic and amusing method of writing. This encourages the reader to think more deeply about the poem and understand the idea of culture identity, which could help acceptance of various cultures in Britain. Despite this, I personally feel "Half-Caste" is the most striking poem, stirring emotions deeper than mere amusement. The poem allows us to understand how people of mixed race must feel when this term is used and the implications of such a word. Although fairly aggressive, this poem conveys most constructively the message of the necessity for acceptance, to whoever the reader may be.

Nursing Image

Common perspective sees nurses as ‘secondary’ profession in the medical treatment environment. However, the public is often unaware of the significance of the profession toward daily activities of the medical system. Recent articles and researches revealed increasing roles of nurses. An article by Patricia Foster and J.M Whitworth, for example, revealed the importance of nursing profession in telemedicine and care for child abuse. Advances of communication technology have created a system that enables trained nurses to play a significant role in the psychological investigation of abused children (Foster & Whitworth, 2005). Another study suggested that nurses are also playing a significant part in the issue of medical waste. The International Council for Nurses has agreed to socialize a new standard that encourage nursing organization to educate nurses in terms of medical waste awareness (â€Å"Medical Waste,† 2005). Despite being seen as secondary role, the profession is still ‘positively valued’ by most aspects of the society. General image of a nurse is still largely positive as seen in several popular Hollywood motion pictures. As movies is in fact, the quickest way to determine a society’s perspective toward a certain character or profession, it is reasonable to use popular movies in order to assess the present image of nurses and their roles in common medical treatment process. Within this short elaboration, we will assess the image and roles of nurses, from the movie, Pearl Harbor. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment Within the movie, Pearl Harbor, the nurses are seen as one of the mail roles. Their presence is shown from the beginning of the movie, but their active roles are presented in a special segment of the movie, showing dramatic scenes. The movie displays that the nurse profession requires professionalism and intelligence as well as mental strength in certain times and conditions. There were times that the nurses need to perform unorthodox treatment method in order to cope with the suppressing conditions. As shown in the motion picture, adaptation and creativity to face unexpected circumstances are necessary to provide the best care for patients. Sometimes, they work together with non-medical personnel because the lack of sufficient number of available nurses. Within the special segment of the movie, the nurses are shown to assume control of the situation. This is logical due to the emergence of the event that took place. However, they kept their places under orders from the doctors, to preserve medical order and good coordination between the medical personnel. The doctors are shown to have more authority and do most of the talking. Nevertheless there are circumstances where young and inexperienced doctor require experienced nurses to guide and support them. In the absence of available doctors, the nurses are shown to take charge of the medical treatment process. Nurses are shown to be in various age in the movie. However, there is no significant scene that presents the image of nurses are men. Most (or all) of the nurse characters are female. There is a strong image that nurses are commonly female, single and physically attractive. This image is shown in the beginning of the movie. However, feminist should not be alarmed, because as the movie proceed to the dramatic scenes, the nurses are shown to be women of character that inspire the value of humanism and passionate to provide service toward others. I have also captured the difference of values between nurses and other profession within the movie. Soldiers are shown to be a lot more aggressive, dominant and careless compare to nurses. These images are perhaps reasonable because their profession demands them to be bold and somewhat careless. The nurses on the other hand, are shown to be careful, organized, highly stable, non-violence human beings that dedicate their lives to the care of others, instead of creating any form of harm. The profession of nurses could be identified with intelligent and confident characters, but hardly ever ambitious. The nurses in this motion picture are shown to help manage the medical treatment process. Some nurses are shown to be capable, despite their lack of experience in handling such circumstances. Some others ‘crack’ under pressure, which is -under the circumstances-, understandable. The nurses are shown to support each other medically as well as mentally. In one of the scenes, the movie even displayed that a nurse is trusted by the head doctor to choose between those salvageable and those cannot be saved. I am not sure about the possibility of this event to take place in real life, but the scene does display the significant role of nurses in medical emergency. Reference Foster, Patricia., & Whitworth, J M. (2005). The Role of Nurses in Telemedicine and Child Abuse. Retrieved September 26, 2005 from http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/506916?rss Medical Waste: Role of Nurses and Nursing. n.d. Retrieved September 26, 2005 from http://www.icn.ch/psmedwaste.htm Nursing Image A memorable and attractive nurse image is found in the movie â€Å"The English Patient† in the face of Hana, a young French-Canadian nurse skillfully played by Juliette Binoche. Hana is one of the central images of the plot, appearing in ‘present’ part of the film that intersperses present with reminiscences of the past. She does an exceptional job tending to the ‘English patient’ who is surviving only thanks to her determination, perseverance and commitment. She both performs her professional duties towards the patient and develops a personal attitude towards the mutilated man left in her care. Hana seems to be in love with her patient who is far from sexually attractive with his maimed body, perhaps as extrapolation of her caring attitude towards him. Hana is put in a difficult situation, tending to the patient all alone at the time of the war. Her experience shows that a nurse’s job can at times be extremely challenging as nurses have to follow their patients through the most difficult of times and deliver care equally in the time of peace and war. Hana’s job involves many things – she delivers professional care to the patient, washing his wounds and giving him morphine, reads aloud to him, but also fixes the villa and does the gardening. Hana is left alone with her patient – there are no other medical professionals in the vicinity, and she is the sole decision-maker in her professional actions, which underscores the importance of her nursing role. Hana is a really likeable character, mainly because of her personal character and her determination to patient care. She is only twenty when the war starts and makes her mature in the shortest possible time. She is so determined to her work that she cuts her hair after three days in the war and pledges to skip looking in the mirror until it ends. This shows how much her nursing means to her as she is ready to get rid of what made her feminine attraction to be able to deliver quality care to her patients. However, Hana is not devoid of natural women’s desires: she gets attracted to men, exemplified in her relations with Kip, who later becomes her lover, and the English patient himself who she admires secretly as a man who suffered his wounds in the cruel and heroic warfare. Hana’s relationship with the English patient is a complex cobweb of professional commitment and the burgeoning love of the young woman for a man she sees as ideal. Hana is young and attractive, and the viewer takes her infatuation with men as a natural order of things, because it does not seem to interfere with her professionalism. Thus, Hana demonstrates the values of service to others and humanism, since she does not limit her care to professional interactions, but is ready to take the patient as a human being. She maintains his belief in the favorable outcome of the treatment and makes him feel that he should make an effort to survive, since it is personally important to her. There is not much in the movie to depict Hana’s understanding of scholarship or achievement, though. Maybe the reason is that Hana just happened to become a nurse because she wanted to make a contribution to her nation in the time of the war and does not see her future as connected with nursing career. Rather, Hana attends to her duties with a Christian attitude that intertwines the requirements of the nursing profession with the religious beliefs. She talks of her patient as a saint and compares his bones to those of Christ. This religious background clearly serves as an important motivator for Hana, inspiring her in her nursing activities. Hana wins recognition with the surrounding people thanks to her role in providing care. Eventually, she succeeds in building a little world around herself that unites the thief Caravaggio, the English patient, the Indian ‘sapper’ Kip, and herself. All these people find consolation in their association with a lovable woman who also has a caring and affectionate character. Hana wins the affection of the viewer, too, by being thoroughly professional and at the same time deeply humane. Bibliography The English Patient. Dir. Anthony Minghella. 1996.